Cellular agriculture uses a combination of biotechnology, tissue engineering, synthetic biology, and molecular biology to develop and design new processes for producing proteins, fats, and tissues. Producing agricultural goods from cell cultures is the primary goal of cellular agriculture. Instead of raising and killing farm animals, most industries focus on animal products like meat, milk, and eggs made in cell culture. This is because raising and slaughtering farmed livestock is associated with substantial global problems, including adverse effects on the environment (for example, the production of meat) and animal welfare. There is a sector of the biobased economy known as cellular agriculture. The concept of cultured meat is the most well-known example of cellular agriculture.
Due to the magnitude of its effects on human health, the environment, and ethical concerns, the global livestock industry has recently received increased scrutiny. Due to these concerns and projections that the demand for protein products will continue to rise in the coming decades, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly, nutrient-dense, and animal welfare-conscious production methods. Protein analogy, which refers to proteins not derived from animals, is a step in the right direction.
Nonetheless, the desire to consume meat and animal-derived foods has led to the development of cellular agriculture, which aims to produce animal proteins using fewer animals and less animal-derived material than the livestock industry currently employs cell culture techniques. This strategy seeks to satisfy consumers' desire for meat consumption while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact of food production, ensuring global food security, and consuming a nutrient-dense diet. While meat proteins provide the body with essential amino acids, they also contain a high amount of cholesterol, which has been linked to various serious health problems. This became the primary driver of increased demand for plant-based protein-containing foods.
In addition to processing, the meat substitutes industry significantly emphasizes extrusion. Proteins such as pea protein, soy protein, and wheat protein are separated during processing. The conventional dry extraction methods yield protein concentrate with a protein content between 46 and 60 percent and protein flour with a protein content between 20 and 40 percent. However, the newly acquired technology for extrudable fat from Coasun replicates animal fat. This allows plant-based meats to have more authentic fat textures, including marbling. The technology makes it possible to run fat through an extruder and combine it with protein to create a superior ingredient. Fat and protein are physically bonded to produce a more stable product. Prolamin technology is another technology used in plant-based meat alternatives. Utilizes plant-based ingredients to enhance the texture of plant-based cheese, allowing it to melt, bubble, and stretch similarly to animal-derived dairy.
Asia-Pacific region dominates the global cellular agriculture market with the highest share. Asia-Pacific can be attributed to consumers' growing awareness of healthy eating practices. The key factors driving growth in the Asia Pacific region include health benefits, animal welfare, environment safety, cost affordability, and the growing variety of plant-based meat products. The awareness through global animal welfare organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment for Animals (PETA), has led to people considering a meat-free diet. Non-meat-based meals are already popular in Asia, with tofu used extensively in Asian cuisines and bean-based congees widely consumed in countries such as China. This makes the Asia-Pacific region the potential market for meat substitutes with the highest growth rate.
The major players in the global cellular agriculture market are: