Intraosseous Devices Market

Market Overview

The global intraosseous devices market size was valued at USD 421.08 million in 2022. It is estimated to reach USD 619.32 million by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 4.38% during the forecast period (2023–2031). The market is anticipated to be influenced by several factors during the forecast period. The primary aspect boosting the market expansion is the surging prevalence of traumatic injuries and chronic diseases worldwide. Moreover, the prevailing benefits of intraosseous access over conventional intravenous ones, especially during emergencies, are anticipated to expedite the growth of the global market.

Intraosseous (IO) devices are medical devices utilized to access the bone marrow cavity located within a patient's bones. The term "intraosseous" describes a process or condition inside the bone. These devices offer an alternative method for delivering fluids, medicines, and other substances when conventional intravenous (IV) access is difficult or impractical. Intraosseous devices are frequently utilized in pre-hospital and emergency contexts, and they can also be deployed in hospital settings when there are difficulties or limitations in obtaining intravenous access.

In emergency medicine, intraosseous access is frequently employed when prompt vascular access is crucial and inserting an intravenous line proves challenging. Such occurrences can manifest in situations like cardiac arrest, trauma, or severe dehydration. In such instances, an intraosseous needle is directly placed into the bone marrow, typically in the proximal tibia or humerus, to establish a fast and dependable pathway for administering fluids and drugs into the circulatory system.

Market Dynamics

Market Drivers

Increasing Prevalence of Traumatic Injuries and Chronic Illnesses

There is a surging incidence of severe traumatic injuries and illnesses necessitating urgent vascular access for fluid resuscitation and medication administration. Traumatic injuries and diseases are significant contributors to illness and death on a global scale. They frequently lead to hypovolemic shock, cardiac arrest, or multiple organ failure, necessitating prompt and efficient management. Intraosseous infusion can reinstate circulation and maintain the hemodynamic stability of patients, thereby enhancing their chances of survival and improving their recovery results.

As per the World Health Organization, injuries contribute to about 5 million fatalities annually, representing 9% of the worldwide mortality rate. Moreover, there is a growing incidence of chronic ailments, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases. For instance, in 2019, over 17.9 million fatalities were attributed to cardiovascular illnesses or 32% of all worldwide deaths. This, in turn, leads to an increased need for intraosseous devices in emergency medical care, thereby driving the market expansion.

Advantages of Conventional Methods

The increasing utilization of intraosseous devices by healthcare practitioners, particularly in the military, emergency medical services, and hospital critical care environments, is attributed to their superior benefits compared to traditional intravenous access techniques. Conventional means of gaining intravenous access, such as peripheral or central venous catheterization, might present difficulties, consume a significant amount of time, and may not be successful in conditions of shock, hypothermia, dehydration, or vascular collapse, which are frequently seen in emergency scenarios.

Additionally, intraosseous devices provide expedited, simplified, and dependable entry to the circulatory system, boasting a success rate of over 90%. Intraosseous devices also mitigate the likelihood of problems, such as infection, extravasation, phlebitis, or thrombosis, commonly linked to intravenous access. Moreover, intraosseous devices can administer diverse fluids and drugs, including crystalloids, colloids, blood products, antibiotics, analgesics, vasopressors, and antidotes. Such benefits of the intraosseous method over intravenous are anticipated to drive the global intraosseous devices market.

Market Restraint

High Cost and Lack of Awareness

The high expense of intraosseous devices, particularly the automated and semi-automated variants, may impede their affordability and availability in low- and middle-income nations. Based on a study, the mean price of an intraosseous device varied between USD 24 and USD 115, contingent upon the specific type and brand of the device. Moreover, the price of intraosseous devices can fluctuate based on their availability, demand, and supply in various countries.

Additionally, healthcare professionals' limited knowledge and education on the application and advantages of intraosseous devices could impede their acceptance and utilization in certain environments. Based on a poll, a mere 44% of the participants stated that they had undergone formal training in intraosseous devices, and just 36% claimed to have utilized intraosseous devices in their clinical practice. Moreover, certain healthcare practitioners may misunderstand or hesitate about the safety and effectiveness of intraosseous devices, potentially impacting their inclination to utilize them. All these factors restrain the market expansion.

Market Opportunities

Technological Advancements

The intraosseous devices market is defined by several prominent companies consistently involved in the exploration and technological advancement of novel and inventive intraosseous devices. For instance, in 2019, PAVmed Inc. introduced EsoCheck, an innovative device that utilizes intraosseous technology to conduct non-invasive cell samples of the esophagus. The gadget comprises a balloon catheter and a DNA test, enabling it to rapidly identify Barrett's esophagus, a precursor to esophageal cancer, within a time frame of under five minutes.

Similarly, in 2020, SAM Medical, a market leader in developing and producing cutting-edge medical devices for trauma care, introduced the SAM IO Intraosseous Access System for use by hospital and pre-hospital healthcare providers in the military and civilian sectors. The SAM IO's distinctively manually powered and multi-purpose driver is an intuitive and efficient alternative to intraosseous access. It enables medical professionals to administer vital fluids and medications quickly and easily into a patient's vascular system via the bone marrow in an emergency. Thus, such advancements are anticipated to create opportunities for market expansion.

Regional Analysis

Based on region, the global intraosseous devices market is bifurcated into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.

North America Dominates the Global Market

North America is the most significant global intraosseous devices market shareholder and is expected to expand substantially over the forecast period. Regional dominance can be ascribed to several factors, including the high incidence of traumatic injuries and diseases, the advanced healthcare infrastructure, key market players, favorable reimbursement policies, and the widespread adoption of intraosseous devices by healthcare professionals. In 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded 39.5 million visits to emergency departments in the United States linked to injuries.

Moreover, the United States has a beneficial reimbursement situation for intraosseous devices, which promotes their usage and acceptance among healthcare providers. For instance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services offer compensation for intraosseous devices through the Current Procedural Terminology code 36680. This code specifically includes the placement of intraosseous devices in both adults and children. Thus, the factors above augment the market growth in the North American region.

Europe is projected to become the second-largest global market region. This is primarily attributed to the rising occurrence of traumatic injuries and diseases, the increasing implementation of awareness and education initiatives regarding intraosseous devices, and significant market players in the region. The European region experienced 1.4 million mortality from injuries in 2018, as the World Health Organization reported. Moreover, there is a significant need for intraosseous devices in the European region, particularly in the military and emergency medical services sectors. In these situations, intraosseous devices are extensively utilized for pre-hospital and battlefield emergency care.

Furthermore, the European region exhibits a notable degree of awareness and educational initiatives concerning intraosseous devices. These programs are designed to enhance the understanding and proficiency of healthcare professionals in utilizing and appreciating the advantages of intraosseous devices. An example of an organization that offers guidance and suggestions for intraosseous infusion during critical emergencies is the European Resuscitation Council. This council is a component of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Moreover, the council arranges training sessions and workshops on intraosseous devices for European healthcare professionals. All such factors boost the regional market expansion.

The Asia-Pacific region is expected to experience the highest development rate in the global intraosseous devices market during the forecast period. This is mainly attributed to the flourishing prevalence of traumatic injuries and diseases in the region. In 2018, the Southeast Asia area experienced 2.8 million fatalities as a result of injuries, as reported by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the healthcare system in the Asia-Pacific region is undergoing swift expansion and modernization, leading to greater availability and accessibility of intraosseous devices for healthcare practitioners. Healthcare expenditures in the Asia-Pacific region are increasing, facilitating investment and innovation in the global market.

The Asia-Pacific area is also experiencing increasing awareness and education programs focused on intraosseous devices. These programs aim to improve the knowledge and expertise of healthcare professionals regarding the utilization and advantages of intraosseous devices. In 2018, Teleflex Incorporated collaborated with the Indian Society of Anesthesiologists to provide a sequence of workshops on intraosseous infusion specifically designed for anesthesiologists throughout India. Such factors expedite market expansion.

Segmental Analysis

The global intraosseous devices market is bifurcated into device type, route of administration, and end-user.

Based on device type, the global intraosseous devices market is segmented into manual, semi-automated, and automated devices. 

The automated devices segment is the largest contributor to the market. Automated intraosseous devices are medical instruments specifically created to expedite and optimize the administration of fluids and drugs straight into the bone marrow cavity. Automated intraosseous devices are specifically engineered to enhance the speed and uniformity of the insertion procedure. These devices may incorporate motorized drivers that facilitate the insertion of the needle into the bone, guaranteeing accurate depth and positioning. Therefore, it is anticipated that the automated devices category will have the greatest market share in the forecast period owing to its superior efficiency, precision, and user-friendliness compared to other devices.

Based on the route of administration, the global intraosseous devices market is segmented into sternum, distal femur, distal and proximal tibia, calcaneus, head of humerus, and others. 

The sternal intraosseous access procedure entails the insertion of the IO needle into either the manubrium or the body of the sternum. There are specialized IO needles specifically developed for accessing the sternum. These needles are more compact and have a more robust construction than those utilized for tibial access. The patient should lie flat on their back, and the area around the breastbone should be cleaned and prepared. The needle is commonly placed into the skin at a 45-degree angle and then moved forward until it reaches the medullary cavity. The dominance of the sternum is primarily attributed to its anatomical benefits, including a significant flow of bone marrow, a central position, and convenient accessibility.

Based on end-users, the global intraosseous devices market is bifurcated into hospitals, emergency medical services, military, and others. 

The emergency medical services segment dominates the global market. Intraosseous devices are highly useful instruments in the repertoire of emergency medical services, offering a prompt and efficient method of administering vital fluids and drugs in situations where immediate intravenous access is difficult or impractical. EMS professionals must be educated and aware of contraindications to operate these devices securely and efficiently. The dominance of this segment is primarily driven by the growing need for intraosseous devices in pre-hospital emergency treatment, particularly in situations involving mass casualty catastrophes, disasters, and military conflicts.

Recent Developments

• September 2023- Relievant Medsystems, a privately owned medical technology company that has developed and commercialized the Intracept Intraosseous Nerve Ablation System for the treatment of vertebrogenic pain, a type of chronic low back pain, was acquired by Boston Scientific under a definitive agreement.
• June 2023- The FDA granted 510(k) authorization for MR Conditional labeling of the Arrow EZ-IO Needle, the first and only intraosseous (IO) needle, according to a recent announcement by Teleflex Corporation TFX. An essential component of the Arrow EZ-IO Intraosseous Vascular Access System, the EZ-IO Needle's innovative diamond point is designed to facilitate rapid, accurate, and steady insertion.