Intraosseous (IO) devices are medical instruments employed to access the bone marrow cavity, which is situated within a patient's bones. Intraosseous denotes a process or condition occurring internally in the bone. These devices provide an alternative route of administering fluids, medications, and other substances when traditional intravenous (IV) access is challenging or unfeasible. Intraosseous devices are commonly employed in emergency and pre-hospital situations and in hospital environments where intravenous access is difficult or impossible.
Severe traumatic injuries and illnesses that require immediate vascular access for administering medication and resuscitating fluids are on the rise. Diseases and injuries resulting from trauma are substantial causes of illness and death worldwide. These conditions often result in hypovolemic shock, cardiac arrest, or failure of multiple organs, which require immediate and effective treatment. Patients may experience improved recovery outcomes and increased possibilities of survival due to restoring circulation and maintaining hemodynamic stability via intraosseous infusion.
According to the WHO, injuries account for approximately 5 million deaths each year, which is equivalent to 9 percent of the global mortality rate. Moreover, an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is observed, encompassing cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory disorders. For instance, cardiovascular diseases accounted for 32% of all global fatalities in 2019, amounting to over 17.9 million of them. Therefore, there is a heightened demand for intraosseous devices in emergency medical care, propelling the market's growth.
The market for intraosseous devices is characterized by several prominent companies that are perpetually engaged in the investigation and technological progression of innovative and novel intraosseous devices. For instance, PAVmed Inc. unveiled EsoCheck in 2019; this groundbreaking apparatus employs intraosseous technology to perform non-invasive cell samples of the esophagus. The device consists of a balloon catheter and a DNA test, which allow for the rapid detection of Barrett's esophagus, a predisposing factor to esophageal cancer, in less than five minutes.
Similarly, SAM Medical, a market leader in developing and producing state-of-the-art medical devices for trauma care, unveiled the SAM IO Intraosseous Access System for utilization by military and civilian hospitals and pre-hospital healthcare providers in 2020. The multipurpose, manually powered actuator of the SAM IO is an efficient and user-friendly substitute for intraosseous access. This device facilitates the rapid and effortless administration of critical medications and fluids through the bone marrow into a patient's vascular system during an emergency. These developments are, therefore, expected to generate opportunities for market growth.
North America is the most significant global intraosseous devices market shareholder and is expected to expand substantially over the forecast period. The North American region's preeminence can be ascribed to many factors. These include the advanced healthcare infrastructure, the prevalence of significant market participants, favorable reimbursement policies, and the extensive utilization of intraosseous devices among healthcare practitioners. In 2019, the U.S. emergency departments saw 39.5 million visits linked to injuries, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data.
Moreover, the reimbursement system for intraosseous devices in the United States is favorable, encouraging their adoption and utilization by healthcare professionals. For instance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services facilitates reimbursement for intraosseous devices via the Current Procedural Terminology code 36680. This particular code encompasses the insertion of intraosseous devices in pediatric and adult patients. Consequently, the factors above contribute to expanding the market in North America.
The key players in the global intraosseous devices market are Teleflex Incorporated, Aero Healthcare, PERSYS MEDICAL, BD, Biopsybell, Cook, Pyng Medical Corp., and others.