VVT & Start-Stop System Market

Market Overview

The global VVT and start-stop system market revenue was valued at USD 63.2 billion in 2023, which is projected to reach a value of USD 99.0 billion by 2032, registering a CAGR of 5.1% during the forecast period (2024-2032). VVT and Start-Stop System market share is expanding due to rising demand for fuel-efficient automobiles, driven by rigorous pollution requirements, government regulations, and consumer preferences for environmentally sustainable and cost-effective transportation options.

Variable Valve Timing (VVT) is an automotive engine technology that varies the timing of the engine's intake and exhaust valves as they open and close. This adjustment is continuously and variably adjusted to maximize engine performance at various RPMs, improving fuel efficiency, lowering emissions, and improving overall engine power and responsiveness. A startup system is an automotive technology that automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine when the vehicle comes to a temporary halt, such as at traffic lights or while idling. This technology reduces fuel consumption and emissions by reducing needless engine use while the vehicle is immobile, resulting in increased fuel efficiency and environmental sustainability.

The VVT and start-stop systems market is growing because of increased demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and rigorous government emissions regulations. Furthermore, increasing demand for hybrid vehicles drives market expansion. However, the high cost of the start-stop system and engine wear caused by the increased start-stop cycle limit the VVT & Start-Stop System market growth. Furthermore, manufacturing start/stop systems for bikes and government measures to reduce emissions in emerging countries are expected to give lucrative potential for market advancement.

Highlights

• Passenger Cars account for the largest share of the market by vehicle type.
• Gasoline generates the highest revenue share by fuel type.
• Electric Cam Phaser holds a significant market share by phaser type.
• Enhanced Starter influenced the market growth by technology.

Market Dynamics

Global VVT and Start-Stop System Market Drivers

Emission Reduction Mandates

Stringent pollution rules set by governments worldwide drive automakers to use VVT and Start-Stop Systems to reduce carbon emissions and meet environmental criteria. Government agencies worldwide, like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States and the European Union's emission rules, require severe limitations on vehicle emissions. These policies aim to reduce air pollution and counteract climate change. The EU intends to become climate-neutral by 2050. The European Climate Law calls for a 55% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared to 1990. 

Similarly, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's "Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards," issued in December 2022, is applied to heavy-duty vehicles beginning with model year 2027. The EPA estimates that the rule will reduce NOX emissions from heavy-duty vehicles on U.S. roads by 14% in 2030, 44% in 2040, and 48% in 2045, compared to current limits. VVT is essential in improving the combustion process and reducing emissions of hazardous pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulates. For example, the Euro 6 emission rules installation in Europe has resulted in the widespread use of VVT systems to satisfy the prescribed emission levels.

Additionally, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global transport sector CO2 emissions will rise by 1.1% in 2023, hitting a new high of 37.4 billion tonnes (GT). This represents a 410 million tonne (Mt) growth over 2022, slower than the 1.3% increase in 2022. Integrating VVT and Start-Stop Systems helps reduce CO2 emissions by increasing fuel efficiency. According to research studies, integrating VVT and Start-Stop Systems in automobiles can cut CO2 emissions by up to 10% while improving fuel efficiency by 5-10%, depending on driving conditions and vehicle specifics. These technologies are critical to meeting worldwide regulation emission reduction targets. 

Global VVT and Start-Stop System Market Restraints

Initial Cost Implication

Integrating Variable Valve Timing (VVT) and Start-Stop Systems necessitates using additional components, sensors, and advanced engineering, which raises the initial cost of vehicle production. Consumers may perceive this as an additional financial burden, particularly in economies with high price sensitivity. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) undertook research to assess the costs of deploying pollution reduction technology , such as VVT and Start-Stop systems, in the car industry. The studies revealed that these technologies lead to an approximate 10-15% increase in a vehicle's production cost, depending on the system's complexity. 

Furthermore, the typical cost of a variable valve timing (VVT) solenoid replacement is between USD 340 and USD 402. This range does not include taxes or fees, and it does not account for your specific location. Labor costs are projected to be between USD 121 and USD 152, with parts priced between USD 219 and USD 249. These costs contribute to the overall car price, which may influence consumer purchase decisions. Consumers may choose automobiles without this advanced technology to save money upfront in price-sensitive areas, thus impeding the general adoption of VVT and Start-Stop Systems. To meet consumer requests, manufacturers must balance including these features and keeping competitive prices. 

Global VVT and Start-Stop System Market Opportunity

Rising Demand for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The growing demand for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) creates an excellent opportunity to integrate Variable Valve Timing (VVT) and Start-Stop Systems. These technologies are essential in improving the overall economy and performance of hybrid powertrains, in line with the growing consumer preference for fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly cars. Leading automakers, such as Toyota with the Prius and Honda with the Accord Hybrid, have effectively integrated modern engine technology, such as VVT and Start-Stop Systems, into their hybrid vehicles. These devices aid in the seamless transition between electric and internal combustion modes, increasing fuel efficiency and lowering pollution.

Autopunditz estimates that 82,606 hybrid electric cars (HEVs) will be sold in the United States in 2023. The PHEV and hybrid markets did well in 2023, with sales increasing by 44% and 57%, respectively. In the United States, combined sales of hybrid vehicles, PHEVs, and BEVs increased to 16.3% of total new light-duty vehicle (LDV) sales in 2023. In 2022, hybrid, PHEV, and BEV sales accounted for 12.9% of overall sales. 

In addition, as HEVs become more popular, the demand for advanced engine technology, such as VVT and Start-Stop Systems, is expected to increase. Manufacturers specializing in VVT and Start-Stop Systems can work strategically with HEV manufacturers or provide tailored solutions that complement hybrid engines. The seamless integration of these technologies with HEVs improves the overall driving experience, attracts environmentally concerned customers, and places businesses at the forefront of the changing automotive scene. 

Regional Analysis

The global VVT and start-stop system market analysis is conducted in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and Africa, and Latin America.

North America's VVT and start-stop system market share is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% over the forecast period. North America is poised to dominate the market due to significant advancements in developing VVT and start-stop systems. The United States is a leader in adopting innovative and powerful automobile technologies. The established automobile manufacturing industry in places such as Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana in the United States can give significant prospects for market growth. The region's high presence of global market players will help it maintain a considerable market share. Many VVT technology providers operating in the United States offer low-cost VVT solutions, expanding their acceptance in a wide range of automobile vehicles. Furthermore, an increased preference for electromobility solutions is expected to boost market expansion. 

Asia-Pacific is anticipated to exhibit a CAGR of 5.8% over the forecast period.Asia-Pacific is expected to become the most lucrative market, led by countries such as China and India. Vehicle sales development in countries such as India, Indonesia, and China can significantly boost the APAC market. India is currently drawing numerous vehicle manufacturers from throughout the world. This circumstance has produced a favorable environment for expanding the betting industry in the region.

Furthermore, in 2016-17, India set fuel consumption norms for heavy-duty vehicles. The norms were updated in 2020 following the establishment of BS-VI emissions regulations. India will implement these new requirements for all vehicles, except Tippers, with a GVW of more than or equal to 12 tons beginning in April 2023. As a result, expanding manufacturing clusters will likely increase demand for VVT and start-stop systems in the APAC market. Furthermore, several market companies aim to establish a regional presence as market rivalry is likely to increase, paving the way for developing novel solutions.

The European car sector has been at the forefront of implementing new technologies to meet strict pollution rules and improve fuel efficiency. The combination of VVT and Start-Stop Systems has been a critical strategy for regional automakers. Europe has constantly tightened emission limits to address environmental issues. On March 28, 2023, the EU amended its light-duty vehicle (LDV) CO2 standards. The amendment mandates all new automobiles and vans registered after 2035 to meet a 100% CO2 emission reduction objective. VVT and Start-Stop Systems allow automakers to meet these strict rules by improving engine efficiency and lowering idle emissions.

Segmental Analysis

The global VVT and start-stop system market is segmented based on vehicle, fuel, phaser, and technology.

The market is further segmented by vehicle type into Passenger Cars and commercial Vehicles.

The passenger automobile segment is expected to account for a significant market share. This group contains sedans, hatchbacks, SUVs, and coupes. Passenger vehicles are distinguished by their emphasis on comfort, style, and efficiency for personal transportation. They are mainly utilized for commuting, family transportation, and recreational activities. Integrating Variable Valve Timing (VVT) with Start-Stop Systems is critical for improving engine performance and fuel efficiency in passenger cars. VVT improves power delivery and economy across various driving conditions, whereas Start-Stop Systems save gasoline by automatically shutting down the engine when idling, such as at traffic lights. Significant sales of passenger automobiles and consumer interest in vehicle mileage are expected to boost the segment's sales prospects.

Commercial cars include various autos built for business and industrial use. This category contains trucks, vans, buses, and other vehicles for transporting products, passengers, or both. Commercial vehicles play an important role in logistics, public transportation, and other industries, boosting economic activity. Integrating VVT with Start-Stop Systems in commercial vehicles is critical for increasing fuel efficiency and lowering emissions. These technologies improve the performance of engines used in commercial applications, where fuel economy and environmental concerns are crucial. For example, adopting VVT and Start-Stop Systems in delivery trucks or buses can save costs and reduce environmental effects during repeated stops and starts in metropolitan traffic.

Based on fuel type, the market is fragmented into Gasoline and diesel.

Gasoline, or petrol, is a liquid fuel derived from crude oil commonly utilized in internal combustion engines, notably spark-ignition engines found in most passenger cars. Fuel engines use spark plugs to ignite a mixture of air and evaporated fuel. Gasoline is known for its quick and efficient combustion, ideal for applications requiring rapid acceleration and smooth performance. Variable Valve Timing (VVT) is critical in gasoline-powered cars for increasing engine economy and power output. VVT optimizes combustion under varied engine loads by modifying valve opening timing. Start-stop systems help save fuel by automatically shutting down the engine during idle times, such as at traffic lights, lowering fuel consumption and pollutants.

Diesel is a liquid fuel from crude oil, and diesel engines use compression ignition. Diesel engines heat the air in the combustion chamber to a high temperature, which causes the injected diesel fuel to ignite spontaneously. Diesel engines are well-known for their fuel efficiency and strong torque production, making them ideal for heavy-duty applications like trucks, buses, and passenger cars. Variable Valve Timing (VVT) is an essential feature in diesel-powered vehicles that adjusts the timing of the intake and exhaust valves to optimize combustion. This improves efficiency and lowers emissions. Start-stop systems in diesel vehicles enhance fuel efficiency by automatically turning off the engine during idling, resulting in lower fuel consumption and overall environmental impact.

The market is sub-segmented by phaser type into Hydraulic Cam Phaser and electric Cam Phaser.

Electric cam phasers, or electrically operated cam phasers, employ electric motors to alter the position of the camshaft. This cam phaser uses electrical impulses for precise and speedy adjustments, giving you more control over valve timing. Electric cam phasers are part of a more significant trend of modern vehicle electrification and growing reliance on electronic control systems. Electric cam phasers help to enhance Variable Valve Timing (VVT) systems. The electrically controlled adjustment enables precise and quick changes to valve timing, improving engine performance under various scenarios. Electric cam phasers are frequently connected with more advanced and electronically controlled engines, which help to increase fuel efficiency and emissions control.

Hydraulic cam phasers are important in Variable Valve Timing (VVT). They allow for real-time change of valve timing dependent on engine speed, load, and temperature. This dynamic control improves engine efficiency, power, and fuel economy. Hydraulic cam phasers are widely used in classical combustion engines.

By Technology, the market can be further bifurcated into Enhanced Starters, Belt-driven Alternator Starters, Integrated Starter Generators, and Direct Starters.

Enhanced starters are innovative mechanisms that increase the starting performance of internal combustion engines. They frequently use technologies like high-torque electric motors and complex control systems to give the engine a more efficient and dependable start. Enhanced starters contribute to smoother engine cranking and less wear on starter components. Enhanced starters are essential for Start-Stop Systems, delivering quick and reliable engine restarts when the vehicle transitions from idle to action. These starters help improve the Start-Stop System's overall efficiency by ensuring smooth engine running and reducing time to resume propulsion.

Belt-driven alternator starters are hybrid devices that serve as alternators and starter motors. This design merges the starter motor and alternator, usually via a belt drive system. Belt-driven alternator starters can charge the battery while also cranking the engine, which can sometimes help with energy recovery. Belt-driven alternator starters serve two purposes in start-stop systems. They work as conventional alternators, charging the battery during deceleration or braking, and as starter motors when the engine needs to restart. This integration improves overall energy efficiency and adds to the fuel-saving benefits of start-stop systems.

Impact of covid-19

The pandemic led to a complete disruption in the supply chain operations and hindered operations of the automotive industry value chain. The substantial decrement in the manufacturing operations created a pessimistic approach for the VVT & start-stop system market. Furthermore, the volatility in the market and reduced cash liquidity curbed the spending on the new vehicle purchase within the sections of the society. This scenario hampered the automotive manufacturers’ revenue generation, forcing them to restrain investment in R&D activities, limiting the market growth.

Many manufacturers also made strategic exits from different manufacturing facilities, which resulted in lesser revenue returns than the expected overall operational cost, creating manufacturing capacity imbalance across the regions. The negative impact on the import-export trades has also forced the automotive markets to plunge record low statistics. These negative factors are expected to account for great distress and negative growth of the market.

Recent Developments

March 2024- Hitachi Energy and BluVein accelerated the electrification of heavy haul mining fleets.

January 2024- Mister-Auto included the Valeo Canopy low-carbon footprint wiper blade series.