Home Healthcare IT Genome Sequencing Market Size, Global Trends, Demand, Forecast to 2032

Genome Sequencing Market Size & Outlook, 2024-2032

Genome Sequencing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product Type (Instruments, Reagents and Consumables, Software and Services), By Technology (Next-Generation Sequencing, Sanger Sequencing, Third-Generation Sequencing, Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing, Others), By Applications (Diagnostics, Drug Discovery, Precision Medicine, Environmental Genomics, Research, Others), By End-User (Hospitals and Clinics, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies, Contract Research Organizations (CROs), Government, Research Centers, Academic and Government Institutes, Others) and By Region(North America, Europe, APAC, Middle East and Africa, LATAM) Forecasts, 2024-2032

Report Code: SRHI54813DR
Last Updated : Nov, 2024
Pages : 110
Author : Debashree Bora
Format : PDF, Excel

Market Segmentation

  1. Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type (2020-2032)
    1. Instruments
    2. Reagents and Consumables
    3. Software and Services
  2. Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology (2020-2032)
    1. Next-Generation Sequencing
    2. Sanger Sequencing
    3. Third-Generation Sequencing
    4. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
    5. Others
  3. Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications (2020-2032)
    1. Diagnostics
    2. Drug Discovery
    3. Precision Medicine
    4. Environmental Genomics
    5. Research
    6. Others
  4. Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User (2020-2032)
    1. Hospitals and Clinics
    2. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
    3. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
    4. Government
    5. Research Centers
    6. Academic and Government Institutes
    7. Others
    1. North America
      1. North America Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
        1. Instruments
          1. Reagents and Consumables
            1. Software and Services
            2. North America Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
              1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                1. Sanger Sequencing
                  1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                    1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                      1. Others
                      2. North America Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                        1. Diagnostics
                          1. Drug Discovery
                            1. Precision Medicine
                              1. Environmental Genomics
                                1. Research
                                  1. Others
                                  2. North America Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                    1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                      1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                        1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                          1. Government
                                            1. Research Centers
                                              1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                1. Others
                                                2. U.S.
                                                  1. U.S. Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                    1. Instruments
                                                      1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                        1. Software and Services
                                                        2. U.S. Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                          1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                            1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                              1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                  1. Others
                                                                  2. U.S. Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                    1. Diagnostics
                                                                      1. Drug Discovery
                                                                        1. Precision Medicine
                                                                          1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                            1. Research
                                                                              1. Others
                                                                              2. U.S. Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                  1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                    1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                      1. Government
                                                                                        1. Research Centers
                                                                                          1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                            1. Others
                                                                                          2. Canada
                                                                                        2. Europe
                                                                                          1. Europe Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                            1. Instruments
                                                                                              1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                1. Software and Services
                                                                                                2. Europe Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                  1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                    1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                      1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                        1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                          1. Others
                                                                                                          2. Europe Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                            1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                              1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                    1. Research
                                                                                                                      1. Others
                                                                                                                      2. Europe Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                        1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                          1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                            1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                              1. Government
                                                                                                                                1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                  1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                    1. Others
                                                                                                                                    2. U.K.
                                                                                                                                      1. U.K. Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                                                                        1. Instruments
                                                                                                                                          1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                                                            1. Software and Services
                                                                                                                                            2. U.K. Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                                                              1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                  1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                    1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                      1. Others
                                                                                                                                                      2. U.K. Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                                                                        1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                          1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                                                            1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                              1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                1. Research
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                  2. U.K. Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Government
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Germany
                                                                                                                                                                              3. France
                                                                                                                                                                              4. Spain
                                                                                                                                                                              5. Italy
                                                                                                                                                                              6. Russia
                                                                                                                                                                              7. Nordic
                                                                                                                                                                              8. Benelux
                                                                                                                                                                              9. Rest of Europe
                                                                                                                                                                            2. APAC
                                                                                                                                                                              1. APAC Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Software and Services
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. APAC Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. APAC Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. APAC Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Government
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. China
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. China Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Software and Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. China Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. China Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. China Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Government
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Korea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Japan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4. India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  5. Australia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  6. Taiwan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  7. South East Asia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  8. Rest of Asia-Pacific
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Middle East and Africa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Middle East and Africa Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Software and Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Middle East and Africa Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Middle East and Africa Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Middle East and Africa Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Government
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. UAE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. UAE Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Software and Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. UAE Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. UAE Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. UAE Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Government
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Turkey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Saudi Arabia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. South Africa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5. Egypt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6. Nigeria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7. Rest of MEA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. LATAM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. LATAM Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Software and Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. LATAM Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. LATAM Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. LATAM Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Government
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Brazil
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Brazil Genome Sequencing Market, By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Reagents and Consumables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Software and Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Brazil Genome Sequencing Market, By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sanger Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Third-Generation Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Brazil Genome Sequencing Market, By Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diagnostics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drug Discovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Precision Medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Brazil Genome Sequencing Market, By End-User
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hospitals and Clinics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Contract Research Organizations (CROs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Government
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Research Centers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Academic and Government Institutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Others
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Argentina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Chile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Colombia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          6. Rest of LATAM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Available for purchase with detailed segment data, forecasts, and regional insights.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Get This Report

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Download Free Sample

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Note: Please ensure you provide an active email address as we will be sending sample details via email.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The button will be active once the above form is filled

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Our Clients:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      LG Electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      AMCAD Engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      KOBE STEEL LTD.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Voith Group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      International Paper
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hansol Paper
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Whirlpool Corporation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sony
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Samsung Electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Qualcomm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Google
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fiserv
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Veto-Pharma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nippon Becton Dickinson
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Merck
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Argon Medical Devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Abbott
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ajinomoto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Denon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Doosan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      LG Chemicals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      LCY chemical group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bayer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Airrane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      BASF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Toyota Industries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nissan Motors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Neenah
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mitsubishi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hyundai Motor Company

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      We are featured on :

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Office 515 A, Amanora Chambers,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Amanora Park Town, Hadapsar,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Pune 411028, Maharashtra, India.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Contact Us:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      +1 646 905 0080 (U.S.)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      +91 8087085354 (India)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      +44 203 695 0070 (U.K.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      sales@straitsresearch.com

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Quick Links
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Help
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Verified. Protected. Secure.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      DMCA.com Protection Status
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Secure Payments:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Follow Us:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      www.straitsresearch.com © Copyright . All rights Reserved.